• Herrera (2024) Skookum Efro Phase 3 Preliminary Design

• Herrera (2024) Phase 3 Preliminary BOD, with all 3 modeled alternatives

• Herrera (2024) Phase 1 Adaptive Management Draft Preliminary Design

• Herrera (2024) Preliminary Design with Ordinary High Water Marks for Regulatory Review

• WSE with support by LNR (2024) Skookum Edfro Phase 1 Adaptive Management Geomorphic Assessment and Project Alternatives

• Herrera with support by LNR (2024) Conceptual Design

Meeting Summaries

• Triangle and LNR (2024) Meeting Summary 9/11/2024 Site Walk

• Veda and LNR (2022) Community Meeting meeting minutes November 15, 2022

• LNR (2022) Community Meeting presentation November 15, 2022

• Kate Galambos, Melanie del Rosario, Alex Levell (2023) Meeting Notes Workshop #2 June 14, 2023

The overall goal for the Skookum Edro Phase 3 Restoration Project began with the Lummi Natural Resources (LNR) Department engaging with stakeholders in developing a design concept that restores salmon spawning, rearing, and holding habitat in the South Fork Nooksack River from river mile (rm) 12.8 to 13.9. Stakeholders provided input, and LNR responded with a conceptual design (above). A Preliminary Design with a Basis of Design (BOD) was completed and is attached. The BOD includes the 3 project alternatives we presented at a 2023 Community Workshop. The project will be going through a Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR) through FEMA to receive its Floodplain Development permit. ESA consultation will occur simultaneously. LNR is submitting permit applications for ESA consultations this winter of 2024/25. The CLOMR review and ESA consultation will occur concurrently during winter of 2025. Project implementation is expected in 2026. More information is summarized below in the Project Development section about the next steps required for project implementation.

Total site map, showing implementation year and current schedule. Letters denote photo locations. Flow is from right to left.

Skookum Edfro Phase 1 Adaptive Management 

Flood Risk

Results of a recent Climate Impacts Risk Assessment show that there will be more frequent and intense floods in the future. The recent flooding throughout Whatcom County highlights the need to reduce flood risk for properties in flood prone areas.

South Fork Nooksack River at river mile 13.15 looking downstream. The project reach is low-gradient with high quality chinook salmon spawning, rearing, and holding habitat potential. Location A on map.

Jagged boulders along the edge of the river (sometimes referred to as riprap) form homogeneous in-stream habitat, but there is excellent floodplain potential in this location. Location B on map.

Everyone gets to help restore the South Fork!

Update 2022: Lummi Nation Response to Chinook Mortality Event

Adult chinook mortality event. September 2021. From left: Frank Lawrence III, Alex Levell, and Chris Phair. Location C on map.

The root cause of the mortality event is severely compromised habitat function from legacy and ongoing degradation and alteration.

Here are several dead chinook as seen from an overhead drone. Flow is from left to right. Location C on map.

This is more like our goal! Adult chinook salmon holding under an ELJ in the lower South Fork Nooksack River. Photo composed by Ian Smith.

Skookum Edfro Phase 3 Restoration Project Development

The 2020 rescindment by FEMA of the “Policy on Fish Enhancement Structures in the Floodway” led to several hydraulic modeling iterations to lower WSE rises at insurable structures. The proposed means to prevent rises and build the project is to excavate up to 85,000 CY from banks and side channels. The excavations will increase channel area, with removed trees to be built into the ELJs. Some removed alluvium will be placed in the areas of ineffective flow immediately downstream of the ELJs. Other excavated material will be hauled off-site to nearby quarries. The engineers will be adjusting models to reduce excavation amounts from the banks. Accretion of gravels following high flow events will replace the excavated bank footprints as the channel adjusts. LNR will allocate funds from a recent BIA award to procure the bank excavation costs and will not require RCO funding.

To support LNR with implementing the early stages of the Phase 3 project, Herrera Environmental Consultants, Inc. (Herrera) has summarized the existing (pre-project) geomorphic and hydraulic conditions and habitat restoration opportunities within the Phase 3 reach (attached at top of site). Herrera developed a two-dimensional (2D) hydraulic model of the Phase 3 reach following a site visit to it on September 15, 2022. Herrera used the model results and observations of the current geomorphic and habitat conditions of the reach made during the site visit to identify habitat restoration opportunities, and to identify existing flood and geomorphic related risks (i.e., bank erosion, channel migration and channel avulsion) to nearby infrastructure and private property.

The general approach to improving habitat conditions in the Phase 3 reach is to implement restoration measures that promote the natural physical processes that create and sustain diverse and complex habitat conditions that ultimately promote recovery of ESA listed salmon species including Puget Sound Chinook, Steelhead and Bull Trout. Specifically, recovery of the South Fork early Chinook is essential to recovering the threatened Puget Sound ESU and for restoring runs to sustainable and harvestable levels for local tribal communities. Therefore, the restoration strategy is to achieve increased habitat function through restoring lost channel processes and conditions by emulating, to the greatest extent possible, the probable historical stream and channel conditions with immediate and/or near-term benefits under a range flows and conditions, for as long a duration as possible. To accomplish this WRIA 1 co-managers established target habitat conditions for the South Fork restoration project elements and performance monitoring. Herrera and LNR are developing designs matching such targets. The existing conditions and restoration opportunities report is at the top of this site.

The project team presented 3 draft concepts at the June 14, 2023 Community Workshop #2. We received feedback from the meeting attendees and proceeded with the preferred alternative. The FEMA no-rise policy, however, is limiting restoration opportunities. Herrera designed lower profile ELJs, moved banks back, and excavated wider forested floodplain channels to limit rise. The preferred alternative was adjusted to lower water surface elevation (WSE) rise on insurable structures. Thankfully, the preliminary design remains similar to the preferred alternative selected by stakeholders at the 2nd community workshop.

Here is a summary by the engineer of record for the preferred alternative:

• We are expanding the channel width (generally through the reach from RM 13.2 to 13.8) 
• Trying to hold the right bank firm, and more expansion to the left bank. 
• For the narrow straight part of the channel (between convergence pool and Saxon Road area from RM 13.6 to RM 13.8) we will need some right bank offset because the left bank has limited expansion opportunities.  There we will offset the right bank back to the existing high flow side channel to retain the existing top of the higher bank (i.e., removing that right bank terrace). 
• Maintaining the 4 ELJs along Saxon Road between RM 13.25 and 13.5 (because we know we will need something there to roughen and keep the channel from incising and having the left bank point bar grow again). 

Skookum Edfro Phase 1 Adaptive Management Restoration Project Development

Phase 1 Adaptive Management would place three engineered log jams (ELJs) on the right bank as well as reconfigure a hatchery channel providing upstream passage for returning adult chinook salmon. Hydraulic modeling results show that the project will result in changes to base flood elevations (BFEs) in the main channel. WSE (2024) prepared updated hydraulic modeling and floodplain mapping to support a Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR) request. The CLOMR would revise three Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs).

Because the proposed elements include changes within the floodway, FEMA requires certification that no structures are affected by BFE increases (WSE 2024). Modeling of the proposed condition shows no impacts on BFEs at insured structures. A short segment of the ditch downstream of the outlet channel will be filled by the new berm to possibly mitigate additional floodplain flow.

Community Engagement

Engagement opportunities include:

• Stakeholder Site Walk was
• Stakeholder Site Walk was held on May 22, 2024. The LNR project team, including engineers and outreach consultants, and most adjacent landowners walked the site to review proposed alternatives. Landowners from the WLT witnessed areas of proposed bank excavation that is needed for floodway conveyance. The engineers explained where the proposed engineered log structures (ELS) will be located. LNR discussed proposed staging areas with landowners, as well as access routes. 
• Community workshop #2 was held on June 14, 2023, at the Acme Presbyterian Church from 5:00 to 7:00 pm. Meeting notes and the presentation will be posted to the top of this page soon. Early design concepts were showcased and discussed at the workshop. These are posted in the presentation. 
• Community workshop #1 was held on November 15, 2022, at the Acme Presbyterian Church from 5:30 to 7:30 pm. Meeting notes and the presentation links are at the top of this page. The team introduced existing conditions and solicit feedback to select the preferred alternative. We were excited to see the interest that the attendants had in this project. Many of the community member's requests are currently being addressed are also linked above, including Lummi Nation response to the mortality event.
• Participation in Acme-VanZandt Subzone - LNR and Veda introduced the project at the January 19th, 2022 meeting.  
  
• Frequent communications provided via a Listserv and updates to this website,
• Presentations and in-person meetings with landowners, stakeholders, and established forums, 
• Two stakeholder meetings to share results of technical work and gather input from community members, 
• Other group and individual meetings. The team has met individually with one landowner and will continue to do so per request.
  

The project team is deeply committed to working with and engaging stakeholders through the duration of this project.

Stakeholders will have opportunities to weigh in on various topics, including but not limited to:

• the scope and scale of the problems the project is intended to address,
• prioritization approach and criteria for design alternatives, and 
• the preferred design alternative.

FUNDERS

• Washington State Recreation and Conservation Office - Salmon Recovery Funding Board (SRFB)
• BIA TCR
• National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (ATBC)
• Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife (HSIL)
• Whatcom County PUD
• Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission 

PARTNERS/SPONSORS

• Lummi Nation, with support from Herrera Environmental Consultants and Triangle Associates
• Private landowners (essential players)
• Whatcom County Public Works 
  
• Whatcom Land Trust
• Washington State Department of Natural Resources Aquatics 
• Acme VanZandt Flood Control Subzone Committee
• Salmon Recovery Staff Team 
• Nooksack Watershed Staff Team

For more information, please contact Alex Levell: alexl@lummi-nsn.gov